Charity (Tzedakah)

Meaning and Significance

In Judaism, charity is not merely an act of kindness—it is deeply connected to justice and righteousness. The Hebrew word tzedek means “righteousness” or “justice,” while tzedakah specifically refers to charity. As Rabbi Jonathan Sacks has explained, tzedakah encompasses two interconnected elements: charity and justice. By giving to others, Jews are not only helping those in need but also promoting greater social justice in the world. Rabbi Sacks famously said that “tzedakah in one word has the power to change the world,” highlighting its transformative potential. Because tzedakah is considered a mitzvah, or divine commandment, it is not optional. Jews may express this principle through their career choices—working in charitable organisations, social justice initiatives, or other roles that promote equality and care for the vulnerable.

Wealth as a Divine Gift

Judaism teaches that all wealth is a gift from God and is entrusted to humans as a form of loan. How one uses that wealth is a test of responsibility. Sharing resources with those in need is therefore a moral duty. This can take practical forms such as regular donations, sponsoring charitable projects, or providing direct support to individuals in need. By using their wealth to help others, Jews fulfil a spiritual obligation and demonstrate gratitude for God’s provision.

Scriptural Foundations

Jewish scripture repeatedly emphasises the duty to help others, even those who might be considered enemies. Proverbs 25:21 states, “If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; if he is thirsty, give him water to drink.” Similarly, Amos 5:24 commands, “Let justice roll down as a river, and righteousness as a mighty stream.” These passages stress that charity and justice should extend to everyone, helping to reduce enmity and encourage harmony. Leviticus 19:9-18 also provides practical guidance: it instructs landowners to leave gleanings for the poor, pay fair wages, and protect the vulnerable. Charity is therefore woven into the fabric of Jewish law and daily life, and helping those in need is seen as a moral duty, not a matter of personal choice.

Practical Expressions of Charity

In modern Jewish practice, tzedakah is often expressed in tangible, everyday ways. Many Reform Jewish families, for example, perform acts of kindness or charitable deeds on Shabbat. Because these actions are considered charitable rather than work, they do not violate the Sabbath commandments. A common household practice is the use of tzedakah boxes, where families save money for charitable causes, teaching children the importance of giving from an early age.

Charitable work can take many forms, depending on individual circumstances. Examples include volunteering at food banks, donating clothing to the homeless, offering temporary accommodation to refugees, or supporting local charitable organisations. These acts demonstrate the principle that charity is a duty and a practical expression of justice, righteousness, and communal responsibility.